DisplayPort-based displays, where, why and when

DisplayPort, the new standard being promoted by VESA as the next-generation digital interface between high-resolution displays and display sources, has already seen wide adoption by PC graphics vendors (such as Intel, NVIDIA and ATI). However, DisplayPort will not only be applied in the desktop display markets, but also in notebooks, TVs and even projectors. All of these markets can benefit from DisplayPort for different reasons and at different time frames. This paper breaks down the different applications and explores the reasons why and when each will adopt this new standard.

Notebooks
Notebooks traditionally use Low-Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) as the interface between the graphics chip and the LCD panel. If you peek in the hinge area of a notebook, sometimes you can see this bronze-colored ribbon connector carrying the LVDS display signals from the base of the notebook to the lid where the LCD resides. With DisplayPort, EMI and routing skew concerns are greatly reduced. This is because DisplayPort uses SerDes technology with an embedded clock. This technology allows the receiving end to receive data almost asynchronously between lanes, and simply re-time the data itself by extracting the embedded clock. Having said that, the main reason notebook computers would replace LVDS with DisplayPort is for power savings. With high-speed DisplayPort, the entire system chipset where the graphics reside can be simplified, and much of the traditional digital-to-analog conversions required for the traditional VGA connection can be avoided. Overall, the power of the graphics sub-system can be reduced by as much as 20 percent, according to Intel. That can translate to longer battery life of up to 20 minutes. Overall, with DisplayPort's reduced EMI issues , less special EMI treatment is needed, all adding up to overall cost savings.

On the external monitor interface front, DisplayPort is also replacing the traditional VGA connector (DB-15). Not only does this get rid of the D/A converters necessary to generate the analog VGA signals, it also replaces the physically large DB-15 connector with a much smaller and thinner DisplayPort connector. This then allows form-factor innovations to occur, such as the revolutionary thinness of the Apple Mac Air. If the VGA connectors are still used, the connector would limit the thickness of the entire notebook computer.

Other than the Apple Mac Air, HP, Dell, Lenovo and other OEMs are all shipping notebooks with DisplayPort. This was driven by the availability of the Montevena chipset from Intel, which included standard DisplayPort. The next-generation chipset, Capella, will take further advantage of power savings and integration by optimizing for the all digital output of DisplayPort. , so we'll expect an acceleration of DisplayPort adoption with these new platforms. By Tom Kao, IDT


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Cable harness

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Harness of coaxial cables.

Harness of car audio cables.

A cable harness, also known as a wire harness or wiring loom, is a string of cables and/or wires which transmit informational signals or operating currents (energy). The cables are bound together by clamps, cable ties, sleeves, electrical tape, conduit, a weave of extruded string, or a combination thereof.

Commonly utilized in automobiles, as well as construction machinery, modern-day cable harnesses provide several advantages over loose wires and cables. For example, many automobiles contain many masses of wires which would stretch over several kilometers if fully extended. By binding the many wires and cables into a cable harness, the wires and cables can be better secured against the adverse effects of vibrations, abrasions, and moisture. By constricting the wires into a non-flexing bundle, usage of space is optimized, and the risk of a short is decreased. Since the installer has only one harness to install (as opposed to multiple wires), installation time is decreased and the process can be easily standardized. Binding the wires into a flame-retardantsleeve also lowers the risk of electrical fires.

Production

Cable harnesses are usually designed digitally according to geometric and electrical requirements. A diagram is then provided(either on paper or on a monitor) for the assembly preparation and assembly.

The wires are first cut to the desired length, usually using a special wire-cutting machine. After this, the ends of the wires are stripped to expose the metal (or core) of the wires, which are fitted with any required terminals and/or connector housings. The cables are assembled and clamped together on a specialworkbench, or onto a pin board (assembly board), according to the design specification, to form the cable harness. After fitting any protective sleeves, conduit, or extruded yarn, the harness is either fitted directly in the vehicle or shipped.

In spite of increasing automation, in general, cable harnesses continue to be manufactured by hand, and this will likely remain the case for the foreseeable future. In part, this is due to the many different processes involved, such as:

• routing wires through sleeves,
• taping with fabric tape, in particular on branch outs from wire strands,
• crimping terminals onto wires, particularly for so-called double crimps (two wires into one terminal),
• inserting one sleeve into another,
• fastening strands with tape, clamps or cable ties.

It is clearly difficult to automate these processes. In spite of this, these processes can be learned relatively quickly, even without professional qualifications. Thus, manual production remains more cost effective than automation. For certain vehicles, such as HGVs, there are also a large number of variants (due to different configurations and the length of the vehicles), which produce very small batch sizes (as low as 1). However, the number of variants has been decreasing in recent years due to the use of data bus technology, such as a CAN bus, in conjunction with intelligent control units. In spite of this, different variants are produced on the same assembly board. Even here, man has an advantage over machine, since he can change over to the different variants (no "re-programming" being required).

Pre-production, however, can be automated in part. This affects:

• Cutting individual wires (cutting machine),
• crimping terminals onto one or both sides of the wire,
• partial plugging of wires prefitted with terminals into connector housings (module),
• soldering of wire ends (solder machine),
• twisting wires.

Testing the electrical functionality of a cable harness can be done with the aid of a test board. The circuit diagram data is pre-programmed into the test board, where harnesses can be tested individually or in multiple numbers.^[1]

The following is a list of telCade's outsourcing services:

• Custom cable assemblies
• Wire harness and terminal block assemblies
• Fan lead terminations
• Filter lead terminations
• IEC receptacle assembly
• Filter assembly
• Complete fan trays
• Power cords
• Display assemblies
• Wire and cable laminating

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